Mud lab
Mud lab
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INFONAME:Meat and bone meal fly ash
CATEGORYCATEGORY:Combustion
RADIO_BUTTON_UNCHECKEDSECTOR:Biomass power generation
VOLCANOUK TOTAL:10,000 tonnes (data)
FLAGSITES:4
MAPREGION:East of England, Yorkshire and The Humber, East Midlands
WidgetsTYPE:Combustion residue
LabelDESCRIPTION:Fine particle ash from burning meat and bone meal for power generation, captured from flue gas
PINEWC CODES:

10 01 17

SCIENCETYPICAL COMPOSITION:
SiO21.3%Na2O5.2%
Al2O30.3%P2O510.6%
CaO29.1%Fe2O30.7%
MgO0.7%Cl19.2%
K2O16.0%SO316.6%
  LOI11.1%

(Bogush et al. 2018)

TENANCYMINEROLOGY:Halite, apatite, whitlockite, sylvite, alkali sulfates (Coutand et al. 2008)
StreamAPPEARANCE:Powder
LINEAR_SCALEPARTICLE SIZE:<0.063mm
WYSIWYGNOTES: 

Meat and Bone Meal is a by-product from the rendering industry. It is the residual material left when fat is separated from animal carcasses, which is then dried and crushed.

Following the BSE epidemic, spread by the incorporation of MBM in animal feeds, strict controls were introduced around the disposal of the material and as a result, a significant proportion of MBM produced in the UK is incinerated as fuel. In 2019, approximately 230,000 tonnes were used as biomass fuel by 5 power stations: Glanford, Goosey Lodge, JG Pears, PDM Widnes and Westfield.

Both the bottom ash and fly ash / APCr contain high levels of calcium and phosphorous in the form of hydroxyapatite. Due to fractionation in combustion that concentrates volatiles in fly ash, it collects a greater proportion of SO3 and Cl.

The material finds secondary use as a fertiliser, useful as a source of phosphorous.

VisibilityFURTHER READING:(Coutand et al. 2008)